Lexical cohesion lexical cohesion comes about through the. Lexical analysis of obamas and mccains speeches jacques savoy computer science dept. A lexical analysis of an inaugural speech of the speaker. Cohesion and coherence in political newspapers and discussion. The unit of analysis are groups of words with related meanings. Lexical cohesion in english public speeches taking the queens christmas broadcast as example yifan he northwestern polytechnical university, changan campus, xian, shaanxi province, china email. Lexical cohesion is a semantic relation manifested in the lexical level of language. Lexical cohesion is basically created by the general nouns superordinates, for example public transport, or repetition reiteration of the same lexeme, or the use of other lexical relations as cohesive patterns. Ever wondered about the persuasive strategies and techniques employed in political speeches. Lexical cohesion, thus, is not merely a stable cohesive device that connects information structure within a text. The research concluded that lexical cohesion analysis was a potential technique to bridge the gap between quantitative and qualitative textual analysis toward political contents by determining. A discourse analysis of a news article in a magazine. To analyze how the grammatical and lexical cohesion devices used in the speech text to reveal gender equality. The unit of analysis are groups of words with related.
Indeed, grammatical cohesion whether it is seen as a process or a product or both is an attempt to give a general view of discourse analysis and its relation to cohesion in general and grammatical cohesion in particular. The notion of equivalence and lexical cohesion in the. Abstract through political speeches, different types of cohesive devices are used. Lexical cohesion in linguistic and musical discourse. A political speech is not necessarily a success because of correctness or truth, rather it may be a matter of presenting valid arguments beard 2000. Jun 11, 2019 the analysis of cohesion in this political speech is based on the cohesion model found in halliday and hasan 1976. In the five main types of cohesion,the interpretation of a discourse element,is. To halliday, lexical cohesion comes about through the selection of lexical items that are related in some way to those that have gone before p. We illustrate the advantages of such a representation by juxtaposing results of a detailed. A lexical analysis of an inaugural speech of the speaker of. It is shown that how the polarized representations in the two newspapers construct specific interpretations of the transitivity and lexical cohesion. Lexical choice as we saw in previous workshop, lexical choice is an important indicator of speaker stance.
Broadcast news gisting using lexical cohesion analysis. For that, grammatical cohesion is used as one way to have a cohesive discourse. The interplay of repetition, lexical cohesion, and topicality thus facilitates a multiperspective approach to determining relatedness among sentences or other discourse fragments. The corpus for the analysis comprises 20000 words for each genre and the model. An analysis of grammatical and lexical cohesion in emma watsons speech text on gender equality a thesis submitted to faculty of adab and humanities in partial fulfillment of the requirements for. Lexical cohesion it is the cohesive effect achieved by the selection of vocabulary. Obama turns the word we into the central message of his speech, and this is a very correct lexical choice. Lexical cohesion analysis of political speech by beata. The lexical cohesion that used in speech consists of reiteration and collocation. An analysis of the use of lexical cohesive devices. From the perspective of grammatical cohesion, conjunctions, reference, ellipsis and substitution are the four mainly used categories. Lexical cohesion analysis of political speech eyal. Cohesion and coherence in political newspapers and.
In our analysis of political corpora and lexical analysis, we pay tribute to the work done by labbe. Coherence and cohesion in spoken and written discourse. Discourse linguistics no one is in a position to write a comprehensive account of discourse analysis. Some important aspects for the analysis of political speeches.
This study examines the discourse created in three of trumps political speeches. Most of the lexical features such as repetition, synonymy, and hyponymy are widely used in the speeches of the ousted presidents to achieve different political ideologies and strategies such as the ideology of threatening the civilian protesters. A political speech is not necessarily a success because of. A lexical analysis of an inaugural speech of the speaker of benue state house of assembly in nigeria language of nigerian politics has been given attention in previous studies from various linguistic approaches such as pragmatics, pragmastylistics, stylistic, syntax and discourse strategies. Chapter iv presents the framework of my investigation and an example of discourse analysis. Barack obama has become the first politician in the contemporary american history to speak about race and racism.
This paper deals with the importance of functions of lexical cohesive devices and tries to shed light on the kinds of lexical cohesive devices used in the political speech through analyzing the speech. Robert mcclay dissertation university of birmingham. Lexical cohesion analysis of political speech political. Discourse analysis of the political speeches of the ousted. A literary linguistic analysis of the features used in political speeches can illuminate the effects of such strategies and techniques to anyone, in addition to providing a more general understanding of. Lexical analysis of us political speeches jacques savoy computer science department, university of neuchatel, switzerland abstract this article describes a us political corpus comprising 245 speeches given by senators john mccain and barack obama during the years 20072008. A short sample of discourse is analysed and compared with a sample music analysis, regarding lexical cohesion.
Ever since the publication of halliday and hasan 1976, cohesion analysis has received much attention in several branches of linguistics. The method of analysis was to locate words, sentences or paragraphs where it appeared as if. This paper deals with the importance of functions of lexical cohesive devices and tries to shed light on the kinds of lexical cohesive devices used in the political speech through analyzing the. The use of sight the visual mode is also familiar in daily communication. A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy in computer science. Leftovers from last time input type c seg for abc asr 0. Lexical cohesion, discourse segmentation and document. The visual mode which uses facial expression or gesture describes as nonverbal language.
Cohesion in political discourse 2 although, this work focuses on the concept of cohesion, it still agrees in part with louwerse and graesser 2005s observation in support of earlier studies stubbs, 1983 and may, 2001 that cohesion alone cannot fully account for coherence in a discourse. The advantage of their work is that it covers documents written. A lexical chain is a sequence of semantically related words from the text algorithm sketch. Abstract the importance attached to political manifestos make political parties dedicate a lot of time and caution in writing up their manifestos so as to attract the electorate to vote for them. We suggest that lexical cohesion analysis is a promising technique to bridge the gap between quantitative and qualitative analyses of text as political material, by establishing units that are both robust enough to enable comprehensive coverage and coherent enough to support direct interpretation. The electric appliances, including the kangaroo and the astronaut, notwithstanding, snowboarded up the slope sadly, swam in the road glady, flew under the sea. To determine the grammatical and lexical cohesion used dominantly in the speech text to reveal the gender equality.
Others prefer to use repetition instead of reiteration, being this one the. Translation and discourse choose one or more cohesive devices. In the course of discourse analysis, connor 1996 defines cohesion as the use of explicit linguistic devices to. Synonymy synonymy refers to the fact of two or more words or expressions having the same meaning. Yet, due to the nascence and of his political career, no studies in the field of linguistics that draw on critical discourse analysis could be found regarding trumps use of language. Cohesion, coherence and discourse 1 cohesion, coherence and discourse 2 she hid bob then cooked it, whose sister rose prices, which liked very much itself, however sheila wanted. Based on research questions above, here are the objectives of the research. In this case, lexical cohesion results from the choice of a lexical item that is in. From the result, it can be concluded that in soekarnos speech uses grammatical cohesion typed reference. This essay will look at how two american presidential candidates try to accomplish persuading an audience to support their political opinions. An analysis of lexical and grammatical cohesion on advertisements of the jakarta post newspaper. Translation and discourse choose one or more cohesive. Lexical continuity is measured as average distance between sentences in a paragraph lexical cohesion and coherence 1534 term similarity latent semantic analysis deerwester90.
The analysis of cohesion in this political speech is based on the cohesion model found in halliday and hasan 1976. Introduction this paper examines how different kinds of lexical cohesion can contribute to the rhetorical structure of a. Discourse structure text coherence and cohesion reference resolution. You need to have some political sociobackground knowledge, eg about political events or ideas like the american dream in order to be able to analyse the speech properly. Applications of lexical cohesion analysis in the topic. Jun 27, 2010 lexical cohesion it is the cohesive effect achieved by the selection of vocabulary. Lexical chains building lexical chains is one way to find the lexical cohesion structure of a text, both reiteration and collocation. However, the purposes for studying lexical cohesion are varied, and each purpose requires different methods. Cohesion and coherence in political newspapers and discussion sections of academic articles. More specifically, lexical cohesion can be achieved through one of these means below.
He continues that various lexical relationships between the different sentences making up a text provide a measure of the cohesiveness of the text. Lexical cohesion is a commonly studied linguistic feature as it is easily identified from the surface of a text. The relationship between lexical cohesion analysis and lexical chaining is tackled in section 2, while the exact details of our gisting system, the lexgister, and our novel ap. Analysis of political speech essay example graduateway. Discourse analysis, political speeches, arab spring revolution. Nov 15, 2012 lexical choice as we saw in previous workshop, lexical choice is an important indicator of speaker stance. His speech was probably aimed at making a historical discourse into the times when the u. Abstract this dissertation investigates the notion of equivalence with particular reference to lexical cohesion in the translation of political speeches. Hoey 1991 argues that lexical cohesion is the single most important form of cohesion, accounting for something like forty percent of cohesive ties in texts.
Usually you only get part of the speech, ie an excerpt. Political speeches aim at convincing the listener by arguments, to persuade him or her on an emotional level or even manipulate him. Lexical cohesion lexical cohesion comes about through. Latest trends in political discursive analysis have shown the importance of the study done from the textual. English letters department, letters and humanities faculty, state islamic university syarif hidayatullah, 2015. Lexical cohesion poses a particular challenge to the translators of political speeches and thus preserving lexical cohesion elements as one of the major elements of cohesion is undoubtedly crucial to their translation equivalence. In the images that follow the size of the words indicates their frequency in each of the 2 speeches. Understood in this way, lexical cohesion can provide important insights into the processes of ideological construction within a text. In terms of lexical one, collocations and repetition appear most frequently. The subject is at once too vast, and too lacking in focus and consensus. Applications of lexical cohesion analysis in the topic detection and tracking domain nicola stokes b. Do note that in the third edition of introduction to functional grammar, halliday and mattthiessen divide up cohesion into.
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